Infectious Diseases, Microbiology & Beneficial Microbes

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome and can have varying effects. Some mutations may be harmless or beneficial, while others can lead to genetic disorders or increase disease risk. Examples include mutations that cause cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, and Huntington's disease. Accumulation of mutations in dividing cells can also lead to cancer. Despite potential negative effects, mutations are essential for evolution. Research continues into understanding mutations and developing therapies for genetic diseases.

Track 10: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and Infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and infections (STIs) are infections commonly spread through sexual activities. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi.

• Chlamydia: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.
• Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
• Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum.
• Human papillomavirus (HPV): Can cause genital warts and cancers.
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV): Causes genital herpes.
• HIV/AIDS: Weakens the immune system.

Prevention includes safe sex practices, regular testing, and early treatment.